A collection of resources and links for those seeking to speak a true warriors language.

Klingon language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


The Klingon language or Klingonese (tlhIngan Hol in Klingon) is a constructed language – an artistic language created by Marc Okrand for Paramount Pictures and spoken by Klingons in the fictional Star Trek universe. He designed the language with Object Verb Subject (OVS) word order to give an alien feel to the language. Klingon is similar to Native American languages in several aspects. The basic sound (along with a very few words) was first devised by James Doohan for Star Trek: The Motion Picture; the film marked the first time the language had been heard on screen, all previous appearances of the Klingons being in English.
Klingon is sometimes referred to as Klingonese (most notably in the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "The Trouble with Tribbles"), but among the Klingon-speaking community this is often understood to refer to another Klingon language that is described in John M. Ford's Star Trek novels as Klingonaase (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonaase).
Contents


1 Language
2 Phonology
2.1 Consonants
2.2 Vowels
2.3 Syllabification
3 Grammar
4 Writing systems
4.1 KLI pIqaD
4.2 Skybox pIqaD
4.3 Mandel script
5 Cursing
6 Trivia
7 See also
8 External links//



Language

A description of the Klingon language can be found in Okrand's book The Klingon Dictionary (Published by Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, 1985, second edition with new addendum 1992, ISBN 067174559X). Other notable works include The Klingon Way (with Klingon sayings and proverbs), Klingon for the Galactic Traveler and the two audio productions Conversational Klingon and Power Klingon. In the pilot episode of Star Trek: Enterprise, "Broken Bow" (2001), the Klingon language is described as having eighty polyguttural dialects constructed on an adaptive syntax (for more, see Phonology).


Three books have also been published in the tongue: ghIlghameS (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GhIlghameS) (Gilgamesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgamesh)), Hamlet (Hamlet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet)), and paghmo' tIn mIS (Much Ado About Nothing (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing)). These last two choices were inspired by a remark by a Klingon chancellor in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country that Shakespeare is best read in the original Klingon.


Some Trekkies take the time to learn it and at some Star Trek conventions one can hear enthusiasts use it amongst themselves. They often greet each other with the Klingon word nuqneH (literally: "What do you want?"), which is said to be the closest thing to a greeting that exists in the language. Another phrase commonly heard among Star Trek fans is "Qapla' ", the Klingon word for "success".


D'Armond Speers and his wife began raising a child bilingually in English and Klingon; Speers spoke in Klingon and his wife in English. A few years into his life, the child began rejecting Klingon and gravitating towards English, as he could use English with many more speakers. The fact that Klingon lacked many words for things that were important in a baby's life, such as "diaper", and "pacifier", was a lesser issue. At the time of Speers' attempt, Klingon even lacked words for many objects common around the house, such as "table".


In May 2003, the Multnomah County, Oregon Department of Human Services named Klingon on a list of 55 languages for which it might conceivably need interpreters; this story was circulated out-of-context as an urban legend claiming that the department was looking to hire a Klingon interpreter. County Chair Diane Linn called the listing the "result of an overzealous attempt to ensure that our safety net systems can respond to all customers and clients." [1]


Paramount owns a copyright to the official dictionary and other canonical descriptions of the language. Some people dispute the validity of Paramount's claim of copyright on the language itself in light of the U.S. Supreme Court's Feist decision, but no challenge has actually been brought to court.


A programming language called var'aq was inspired by Klingon.
Google is available in Klingon. [2]
Features of the Klingon language were taken from various real Earth languages:-
Using a sentence as a noun clause by appending 'e' to it was inspired by Sanskrit (which uses iti in the same role).
The relative pronoun prefix for verbs is similar to a Swahili construction.
Pronoun verb prefixes occur in Swahili and Nahuatl.
Amalgamating the subject and object pronoun prefixes is paralleled in Nahuatl.
The rules for use of the suffix je = "and" are about the same as in Sanskrit (which uses ca).
The word HoD = "captain" occurs also as an English acronym HoD = "head of department". That may have inspired the Klingon habit of mixing cases of letters[citation needed].

Phonology

Klingon has been developed with a phonology that, while based on human natural languages, is intended to sound alien. The effect is mainly achieved by the use of a number of retroflex and uvular consonants in the language's inventory. Although natural languages use a number of different airstream mechanisms besides the common pulmonic egressive, these other mechanisms are not used in Klingon. This is perhaps because these sounds are a lot more difficult to learn to produce if one's language does not use them. Klingon has twenty-one or twenty-two consonants, but only five cardinal vowels. Klingon is normally written in a variant of the Latin alphabet (see below). In this orthography, upper and lower case letters are not interchangeable (uppercase letters mostly represent sounds different to those expected by English speakers). In the discussion below, standard Klingon orthography appears in <angle brackets>, and the phonemic transcription in the International Phonetic Alphabet is written between /slashes/.



Consonants

The inventory of consonants in Klingon is spread over a number of places of articulation. In spite of this, the inventory has many gaps: Klingon has no velar plosives, and only one sibilant.
Labials

<p> — /pʰ/ — aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive (as English pan, but accompanied by puff of air not only in word initial positions, but in all positions)
<b> — /b/ — voiced bilabial plosive (as English ban)
<m> — /m/ — bilabial nasal (as English man)
<v> — /v/ — voiced labiodental fricative (as English van)Coronals

<t> — /tʰ/ — aspirated voiceless alveolar plosive (as English tan, but accompanied by puff of air not only in word initial positions, but in all positions)
<D> — /ɖ/ — voiced retroflex plosive (as Swedish nord)
<D> — /ɳ/ — retroflex nasal, an allophone of the above consonant (as Swedish Vänern)<n> — /n/ — alveolar nasal (as English nan)
<r> — /r/ — alveolar trill (trilled as in Spanish rojo)
<S> — /ʂ/ — voiceless retroflex fricative (as Mandarin Shànghǎi)
<l> — /l/ — alveolar lateral approximant (as English lung, never velarized as English gull)Dorsals

<q> — /qʰ/ — aspirated voiceless uvular plosive (as Arabic Qur'an, but aspirated)<ng> — /ŋ/ — velar nasal (as English ring)
<H> — /x/ — voiceless velar fricative (as Scots loch)
<gh> — /ɣ/ — voiced velar fricative (as Arabic Baghdad)
<y> — /j/ — palatal approximant (as English yes)
<w> — /w/ — labial-velar approximant (as English wash)Glottal

<'> — /ʔ/ — glottal stop (as between the English words blue arm, with distinct enunciation)Affricates

<ch> — /ʧ/ — voiceless postalveolar affricate (as English church)<j> — /ʤ/ — voiced postalveolar affricate (as English judge)
<tlh> — /t͡ɬ/ — voiceless alveolar lateral affricate (as Nahuatl Nahuatl)
<Q> — /q͡χ/ — voiceless uvular affricate (occurs in Nez Percé, Wolof and Kabardian)

Vowels

In contrast to consonants, Klingon's inventory of vowels is very simple. The two front vowels, <e> and <I>, represent sounds that are generally shorter and more clipped in English than the more sonorant equivalents (as English bade and bead). This, and the lack of diphthongs, enhances the sense that Klingon is a clipped and harsh-sounding language.
Vowels

<a> — /ɑ/ — open back unrounded vowel (in English spa)
<e> — /ɛ/ — open-mid front unrounded vowel (in English bed)
<I> — /ɪ/ — near-close near-front unrounded vowel (in English bit)
<o> — /o/ — close-mid back rounded vowel (in French oiseaux)
<u> — /u/ — close back rounded vowel (in Spanish cura)

Syllabification

Klingon syllable structure is extremely strict: a syllable must start with a consonant (including the glottal stop) followed by one vowel. In prefixes and other more rare syllables, this is enough. More commonly, this consonant-vowel pair is followed by one consonant or one of three biconsonantal codas: /-w' -y' -rgh/. Thus, ta "record", tar "poison" and targh "targ" (a type of animal) are all legal syllable forms, but *tarD and *ar are not. Despite this, there is one suffix that takes the shape vowel+consonant: the endearment suffix -oy.



Grammar

Klingon is an agglutinative language, using mainly affixes in order to alter the function or meaning of words. Some nouns have inherently plural forms: jengva' "plate" vs. ngop "plates", for instance.
Klingon nouns take suffixes to indicate grammatical number, gender, two levels of deixis, possession and syntactic function. In all, 29 noun suffixes from five classes may be employed: jupoypu'na'wI'vaD "for my beloved true friends". Speakers are limited to no more than one suffix from each class to be added to a word, and the classes have a specific order of appearance.
Gender in Klingon does not indicate sex, as in English, or have an arbitrary assignment as in Danish or many other languages. It indicates whether a noun is a body part, a being capable of using language, or neither of these.
Verbs in Klingon are even more complex, taking a prefix indicating the number and person of the subject and object, plus suffixes from nine ordered classes, plus a special suffix class called rovers. Each of the four known rovers has its own unique rule controlling its position among the suffixes in the verb. Verbs are marked for aspect, certainty, predisposition and volition, dynamic, causative, mode, negation, and honorific, and the Klingon verb has two moods: indicative and imperative.
The most common word order in Klingon is Object Verb Subject, and in some cases the word order is the exact reverse of word order in English:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Klingon_sentence_a.GIF/450px-Klingon_sentence_a.GIF
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d6/Klingonsentence.JPG
DaH mojaq.mey.vam DI.vuS.nIS.be' 'e' vI.Har
now-ADV suffix. PL.DEM 1pl-3pl.limit.need.not that 1sg-3sg.believe
"I believe that we do not need to limit these suffixes now"
Klingons apparently dislike redundancy such that, for example, since the DI prefix in the previous example indicates that the direct object mojaq is plural, a Klingon speaker will quite typically omit the plural suffix mey and say:
DaH mojaqvam DI.vuS.nIS.be' 'e' vI.Har Unlike most artificial auxiliary languages, which seek to either emulate elements of several evolved human languages in order to be easier to learn, or to be more regular with fewer exceptions than is the case in evolved existing languages, the Klingon language tries to break away from the most common features of other languages and embraces the exceptions to its own rules.



Writing systems

The official Klingon writing system is the Latin alphabet as used above, but on the television series, the Klingons use their own alien writing system. In The Klingon Dictionary this alphabet is named as pIqaD, but no information is given about it. When Klingon symbols are used in Star Trek productions they are merely decorative graphic elements, designed to emulate real writing and create an appropriate atmosphere.


The Astra Image Corporation designed the symbols (currently used to "write" Klingon) for Star Trek: The Motion Picture, although these symbols are often incorrectly attributed to Michael Okuda. They based the letters on the Klingon battlecruiser hull markings (three letters) first created by Matt Jeffries, and on Tibetan writing because the script had sharp letter forms — used as a testament to the Klingons' love for knives and blades.

KLI pIqaD
The KLI pIqaD isn't the only mapping of Klingon letters. The Astra Image letters were taken and used in the Paramount-endorsed Bitstream font pack. They were used to make a font with ten letters of the English alphabet: "e" to "n" being represented by the ten different klingon letters. This font itself has been used by the Star trek production team when creating Klingon graphics, however it is still used only as random gibberish on the shows.


The trading card company Skybox used this font, when they created the Klingon language cards in their Star Trek: The Next Generation trading card collection. The Klingon cards themselves detail aspects of Klingon culture, and feature pIqaD text, and a transliteration and translation provided by Marc Okrand. Some of these cards, notably S7, S8 and card S9 feature pIqaD, which corresponds to the Latin transcription. Other known cards include s19 and s20 (which contain belittling references to Blockbuster, probably an allusion to Blockbuster Video) the season seven card selection s37, s38 and s39 (which featured no actual tlhingan Hol, but only English and on card S39 Latin, written in the Skybox alphabet), and finally, the Checklist cards for each seasons' set of cards had the word cards written in Klingon on them when listing the above mentioned cards.


The script is written in horizontal lines running from left to right, top to bottom, just like English. Klingon can be written with spaces between words (a word being defined as any noun, verb or leftover, plus any prefixes and suffixes attached to it) and punctuation. When this is the case, four punctuation marks are used:
An "up-turned triangle" with a function similar to a comma, semi-colon or colon.
A "down-turned" triangle with a function similar to a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.
A mark similar in appearance to an hyphen (unknown function).
A mark similar to an apostrophe (function unknown).Klingon can also be written with no spaces or punctuation at all; this form is more common on the TV shows. As in English, Klingon text can be left-justified, center-justified, or right-justified, and written in vertical columns on banners.
Due to its nature, the "Skybox" Alphabet is ill-suited to writing Klingon, in that ambiguity in the alphabet is apparent, so different words are spelled the same way: these are homographs. The heartiest commendations and the gravest insults could be written identically, though it should be noted that context would go a long way to disambiguating homographs.



Mandel script


A third script, known as the Klinzhai or Mandel script, was included in The U.S.S. Enterprise Officer's Manual (1980). It holds more closely to the D7 battlecruiser hull markings and is also loosely based upon the conceptual art of Matt Jeffries, TOS set designer.
Its letters map to various letters and digraphs of English, but they have no relation to Marc Okrand's Klingon language. Like the other two alphabets, it is probably written in the same direction as English.
Some fans have suggested this alphabet could be used to write Klingonaase in its native form.


Cursing

Cursing is considered to be a fine art among Klingons. That a person swears well is considered something of a compliment in Klingon culture. Some of the more common curse words include:
petaQ—analogous to excrement.
toDSaH—literally "idiot", i.e. analogous to "brainless"
yIntagh—reportedly a native Klingon animal on Qo'noS; analogous to "vermin"
taHqeq—a "situation confused by a toDSaH"; analogous roughly to "SNAFU".
Qu'vatlh—particularly vulgar term describing an offer by one to be "self-romantic".
ghay'cha'—related to subservience; see Romulan term "Veruul."Others not strictly part of the tlhIngan Hol corpus, but attested from other Star Trek sources, are:
lo'be'voS—incorporating "be'-" female determinative, roughly analogous to term for female Terran canine (i.e. *****).
tha'rav'—from Klingonaase, term for lowest of slave population.
thar'av'vul—from Klingonaase, term describing Vulcan slaves, slur describing one as an "educated" subservient; literally, "educated idiot"; see also "toDSaH".
topaH'—usually used in combination with "toDSaH"; analogous to Terran Yiddish term "schlemiel"; person who does a "toDSaH" thing.
SlIpaH—promiscuous; analogous to Terran English term "slut" (said by Worf to Ezri Dax)
bIr'MIn — from Star Trek fandom, a Klingon-inspired slang term, from the thlIngan Hol bIr , "Cold," and 'Min, "Eye", or "Cold-eye;" analogous for "someone who is dishonorable, or untrustworthy." Fans have allegedly coined this term, for its similarity with Star Trek Executive Producer Rick Berman's last name, as a satirical opinion of his perceived tenure as creative head of the franchise. Many other fans disagree with this opinion, referring to such fans as examples of topaHs.Some of the words are general invectives, others are personal epithets. Adding the term jay' intensifies the words.



Trivia

In 1999, The Onion published a satirical article claiming that the number of Klingon speakers exceeded the number of Navajo speakers. [3]
The sixth episode of the tenth season of Frasier, "Star-Mitzvah", which first aired November 5, 2002, had Frasier reading a short blessing in Klingon at his son's Bar Mitzvah having been tricked into believing it was Hebrew. (There are more details at References to Star Trek (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/References_to_Star_Trek#Star_Mitzvah))

See also

Alien language (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_language)
Klingonaase (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingonaase), an earlier, non-canonical Klingon language put forth by author John M. Ford.
References to Star Trek (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/References_to_Star_Trek), which lists some non-Star Trek television series which feature the Klingon language.
Klingon Proverbs (http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Klingon_proverbs) (Wikiquote).

External links

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/45px-Wikipedia-logo.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikipedia-logo.png)

Klingon language edition (http://tlh.wikipedia.org/wiki/) of Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Wikibooks-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo-en.svg.png (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg)

Wikibooks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikibooks) has more about this subject: Klingon (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Klingon)


Klingon Language Institute (http://www.kli.org/)
Klingon as linguistic capital (http://www.angelfire.com/trek/yensw/) — a Bachelor's Thesis in Sociology (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology)
Klingonska Akademien (http://www.klingonska.org/)
Is Klingon an Ohlonean language? A comparison of Mutsun and Klingon (http://www.cs.vu.nl/%7Edick/Summaries/Languages/MutsunKlingonComparison.pdf)
Omniglot: Klingon Alphabet (http://www.omniglot.com/writing/klingon.htm)
Deutsche-Welle's Klingon Language Service (http://klingon.dw-world.de/klingon/index.php)
BBC article on Deutsche-Welle's Klingon Language Service (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3658310.stm)
information on the Skybox Trading cards, with Klingon writing (http://qurgh.wizage.net/cards/cards.html)
Klingon Wikipedia (http://tlh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ghItlh%27a%27)
Google in Klingon (http://www.google.com/intl/xx-klingon/)
Klingon Rock (http://www.kosmic-horror.com/)tlh:tlhIngan Hol (http://tlh.wikipedia.org/wiki/tlhIngan_Hol)

Klingonaase

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Klingonaase is a fictional language (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_language) appearing in works by John M. Ford (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Ford) related to the science fiction (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction) series Star Trek (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek), in which it is depicted as the language of the Klingon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon) race. The suffix -aase means "tool" so Klingonaase is the tool (i.e. language) of the Klingons.


Klingonaase first appeared in 1984 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984) in the tie-in novel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Star_Trek_novels) The Final Reflection, which features a detailed view of Klingon society. It also appears in the Klingon supplement for the FASA (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASA) Star Trek role-playing game (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_RPG_%28FASA%29) of the 1980s, which is partly based on materials created for the novel.


Ford's version of Klingon language and culture have never been used in any canonical (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_%28fiction%29) Star Trek work. Canonical Star Trek has developed its own version of Klingon culture, and uses the Klingon language (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingon_language), tlhIngan Hol, which was independently created by professional linguist (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguist) Marc Okrand (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Okrand) for the Star Trek movies at around the same time.



See also


Star Trek RPG (FASA) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_RPG_%28FASA%29)


References


Ford, John M. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Ford) (1984). The Final Reflection.


External links


Klingonaase Guide (http://www.khemorex-klinzhai.de/Hol/klingonaase.html)

THE KLINGONAASE GUIDE (http://www.khemorex-klinzhai.de/Hol/klingonaase.html)

by McReynolds
Many people don't remember klingonaase, the original Klingon language developed by John M. Ford in his excellent novel, The Final Reflection. And why should they? When Marc Okrand was hired by Paramount Pictures to develop a language for the warrior race for Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, he was not told to incorporate this "non-canon" language from years earlier. So, for a while, klingonaase information was virtually impossible to find. Until now!
The method of explanation has been simplified a lot:
word or phrase - [part of speech] "Literal translation." Explanitory notes. ("Source" [source code]).
The source codes are:
RPG - Star Trek: The Role Playing Game
TOSF - Original Series Fan Fiction
TOSN - Original Series Novel
VOCABULARY

'aase - [n, slang] The Klingon language. ("Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
aitchnit - [n] A fever-inducing disease. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
boryx - [n] A vicious predator of Tahrn. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
Cymele - [n] A deity worshipped on Tahrn. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
doch - [excl] ???? ("Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
dreton - [n] A fermented fruit drink. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
Durgath - [n] A deity worshipped on Tahrn. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
epetai-zana - [n, slang] "Honored and exalted one." A person who thinks he is more than he truly is. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
gozhe - [n] "Feces," or "excrement." [n, slang] Inspirational media or propaganda; ****. ("Beyond Diplomacy," "Diplomacy & Empire," and "One Blade, One Blood" [TOSF]).
graf - [n] "Anticurve rider." The Klingon equivalent to warp drive. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
hakkarl - [n] "Vanguard." A piece in klin zha. ("Rules of Engagement" [TOSN]).
Hathak Kang, kla I'il kurin aetheln. - "I salute you Kang, with all the aetheln which is your due." ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
hogh - [n] A long unit of time. ("In Harm's Way" [TOSF]).
jilek - [n] A poetic form which subordinates meter to the creation of vivid images of emotions, normally used only for epic subjects. ("Klingon Dictionary" [TOSF]).
jurkim - [n] A tart, spicy ale that is the Klingon equivalent of buttered rum. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
kam - [n] A short unit of distance. ("In Harm's Way" [TOSF]).
Kahlesste kaase - [excl] "Kahless' hand." A battle cry or yell of astonishment. Refers to Kahless epetai-Riskadh, a famous ship commander during the Klingon-Romulan Wars of the early 21st Century. ("The Final Reflection," "Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
kai - [excl] A general call of praise or honor. ("Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
Kazh - [n] Common name of the Klingon homeworld. Also called Klinzhai. (<<<Orion Press>>>).
kherx - [n, slang] Accident. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
khest - [adj] "Dead." ("Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
khest - [excl, vulgar] A general invective, much like yelling '****' or '****' in English. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
khest - [v, vulgar] "Err." Roughly equivalent to saying 'screw up' or '**** up' in English. Alternatively, to engage in sexual intercourse, as in '****.' ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
khesterex - [n] "The structure which dies." A dead or dying culture. ("The Klingons" [RPG]).
khex (kh'ex) - [adj] "Nonfunctional," "inoperative," or "broken." ("The Klingons" [RPG]).
khex (kh'ex) - [n, slang] A corpse, flat-liner, or stiff. ("The Klingons" [RPG]).
kh'uled - [n] A lightweight, keen-bladed dueling sword. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
kilaan - [n] A unit of time. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
kilvan - [n] A strong, spicy alcoholic drink. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
kleon - [n] "Opponent." ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
kle'tih'bach - [n] "Politics." ("Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
klibicule - [n] A protein-rich grain. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
klingonaase - [n] The Klingon language. ("The Final Reflection," "Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
Klinzhai (Klin Zhai) - [n] Official name of the Klingon homeworld. Also called Kazh. ("The Final Reflection," "Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
komerex - [n] "The structure which grows." A growing empire. ("The Klingons" [RPG]).
Komerex Federazhon - [n] "Federation Empire." The United Federation of Planets. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSF]).
Komerex Klingon - [n] "Klingon Empire." ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
Komerex Vrai't - [n] "Truth of Empire." A leading Inspirational Media publication featuring news and propaganda of the Klingon Empire. ("Beyond Diplomacy," "Diplomacy & Empire," and "One Blade, One Blood" [TOSF]).
Kragyr - [n] Hell, the lair of Fek'lhr, guardian of Gre'thor. ("Liberation from Hell" [TOSF]).
k't'al - [n] A ceremonial challenge proclaiming a leader to be unfit for command due to age. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
kuve - [n] "Servitor." Not a slave; a kuve has some honor as they were destined to serve, as opposed to a slave who is forced to serve due to his dishonor. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]). [n] "Servitor race." ("The Klingons" [RPG]).
kuveleta - [n, vulgar] "Servitor's half-child." A biting insult. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
kuvesa tokhesa - "I serve willingly." ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
mantril - [n] An epithet. ("Liberation from Hell" [TOSF]).
nada - [n] "Battle surgeon." A ship's chief medical officer. Also, a priest of the ancient Klingon god-patron of medicine. ("Star Trek Log Seven" [TASN], "Liberation from Hell" [TOSF]).
nal - [adv] "Not." ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
nu Kishai'in - [n] "Book of War." ("Nu Ormenel Series" [TOSF]).
orashathnavi - [n] "Patterns of Challenge." The written codes of honor by which the Klingons live. There are seven books. ("Nu Ormenel Series" [TOSF]).
Peneli - [n] A planet near the heart of the Klingon Empire. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
seyilt - [n] A bamboo-like plant native to Tahrn. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
siee - [excl] A general-purpose exclamation of astonishment, wonder, or excitement. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
slean - [n] A furred predator from Tahrn's grasslands. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
straave (straav') - [n] "Slave." One who is forced to serve due to his dishonor, unlike a servitor. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSF]).
Tahrn - [n] A planet near the heart of the Klingon Empire. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
tazhat - [n] "Flier." A piece in klin zha. ("Rules of Engagement" [TOSN]).
tel - [conj] "Or." ("The Final Reflection," "Dwellers in the Crucible" [TOSN]).
theld - "House" or "line." The social and political groups to which all Klingons belong. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
thelerrin - [n] A general term for a younger female of a household. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
theora kh'ex - [n] "Music of Dying." A type of song or poem concerning death in combat, usually with philisophical overtones. ("Beyond Diplomacy," "Diplomacy & Empire," and "One Blade, One Blood" [TOSF]).
tokhe - [adj] "Willing." ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
tokhesa - [adv] "Willingly." ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN]).
tormin - [n] "Sergeant." ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
t'scha - [excl, vulgar] A general invective, similar in effect to 'hell no' in English. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
Tseni - [n] A viral disease that destroys grain crops. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
tsungu - [n] A Klingon game similar to Chinese chess. ("Pawns and Symbols" [TOSN]).
vitz - [n] A Gellian drink common in the Klingon Empire. ("Star Trek Log Seven" [TASN]).
zan - "Mister." A gender-neutral title used primarily in military situations. ("The Final Reflection" [TOSN], "The Klingons" [RPG]).
yjuk - [excl, vulgar] A mild general epithet, roughly analogous to saying 'damn' in English. ("Klingons!" [TOSF]).
GRAMMAR

Adjectives - adjective noun. (Example: tokhe straav' - willing slave).
Adverbs - verb adverb. (Example: kuvesa tokhesa - I serve willingly).
Conjunctions - noun 1 conjunction noun 2. (Example: komerex tel khesterex - Growing empire or dead culture).
First Person Singular - verb-sa. (Example: kuvesa - I serve).
Plural - noun-i. (Example: komerexi - Empires).
Past Tense - verb-'t. (Example: khest't - screwed up).
Possessive - possessor-te object. Only applies to sentient beings. (Example: Kahlesste kaase - Kahless' hand).
Last Modified: 02 November 1997

There are many other excellent resources at this pages parent (http://www.khemorex-klinzhai.de/Hol/), however they are in German.